Statistical Tables — Computed
The printed z, t, χ², and F tables replaced by live computation: any degrees of freedom, any probability — no interpolation, no page flipping. Covers §6.19–6.26 of the statistics material.
Why computed beats printed
A printed table samples a distribution at a fixed grid of probabilities and degrees of freedom; anything in between needs interpolation. Here the cumulative distribution functions are evaluated directly (incomplete gamma and beta functions), so values are exact to the displayed precision for any input.
Standard Normal
Standard normal density with the lower-tail area up to z shaded. FIG. T42-1
Student's t
Chi-Square χ²
Fisher F
Two-sided critical values at level α use p = 1 − α/2 in the p → value direction (e.g. α = 0.05 → p = 0.975 → z = 1.960). One-sided tests use p = 1 − α directly.